Quantitative estimation for the impact of mining activities on vegetation phenology and identifying its controlling factors from Sentinel-2 time series

Quantitative assessment of the negative environmental effects mining is vital for eco-environmental restoration and management areas. However, it remains unclear about spatial dimension influence on environment that comes from mining. Here, we constructed a new method to quantify vegetation impact activity using Sentinel-2 time series Pareto principle, applied Liaoning Nanfen iron area (LNMA), Inner Mongolia Sanheming (IMMA), Sichuan Hongge (SCMA) in China. Based unequal relationship 80% consequences determined by 20% causes, activities was quantified maximum phenological difference, decay rate, asymptotic value exponential trend distance mine. Results showed phenology decayed exponentially along with increase mines. The were 1566.95 m, 1959.67 1809.61 m LNMA, IMMA SCMA, respectively. Compared areas 5 km away activity, start growing season surrounding delayed 1.1 ± 0.4 days, 6.1 1.9 1.5 0.7 days respectively, while length successively shortened 1.0 0.6 5.4 2.5 5.1 3.9 Our investigation found dust pollution, decreases groundwater levels, waterborne pollution main factors directly caused changes around area, degree their closely related drought topography. This finding could provide reference help add insights long-term impacts vegetation.